JavaScript Global Variables: Definition, Scope, and Best Practices
When learning JavaScript, one of the first concepts you encounter is the variable . Variables hold data that your program can use and modify. Among these, JavaScript global variables are powerful but can also be risky if not used carefully. In this article, we’ll explore what global variables are, how their scope works, and how to use them wisely to write cleaner, more maintainable code. What Are Global Variables in JavaScript? A global variable is a variable that is accessible from anywhere in your JavaScript code—inside or outside of functions. Once declared, a global variable becomes a property of the global object . In browsers, the global object is window , while in Node.js it’s global . When you declare a variable globally, it automatically attaches to this object, meaning it’s available throughout the entire program. Example: var message = "Hello, World!"; function greet() { console.log(message); // Accessible inside the function } greet(); console.log(...